Topics Covered
Current section: II. Instruction and Assessment
- I. Students as
Learners - II. Instruction and
Assessment - III. Communication
Techniques - IV. Profession and
Community
II. Instruction and Assessment
- Instructional Strategies
- Major cognitive processes associated with student learning
- Critical thinking
- Creative thinking
- Higher-order thinking
- Inductive and deductive thinking
- Problem structuring and problem solving
- Invention
- Memorization and recall
- Social reasoning
- Representation of ideas
- Major categories, advantages, and appropriate uses of instructional strategies
- Cooperative learning
- Direct instruction
- Discovery learning
- Whole-group discussion
- Independent study
- Interdisciplinary instruction
- Concept mapping
- Inquiry method
- Questioning
- Play
- Learning centers
- Small-group work
- Revisiting
- Reflection
- Project approach
- Principles, techniques, and methods associated with major instructional strategies
- Direct instruction
- Student-centered models
- Methods for enhancing student learning through the use of a variety of resources and materials
- Computers, Internet resources, Web pages, e-mail
- Audiovisual technologies such as videotapes and compact discs (CDs)
- Local experts
- Primary documents and artifacts
- Field trips
- Libraries
- Service learning
- Major cognitive processes associated with student learning
- Planning Instruction
- Techniques for planning instruction, including addressing curriculum goals, selecting content topics, incorporating learning
theory, subject matter, curriculum development, and student development and interests
- National and state learning standards
- State and local curriculum frameworks
- State and local curriculum guides
- Scope and sequence in specific disciplines
- Units and lessons
- Rationale for selecting content topics
- Behavioral objectives: affective, cognitive, psychomotor, speech/language
- Learner objectives and outcomes
- Emergent curriculum
- Antibias curriculum
- Themes/projects
- Curriculum webbing
- Techniques for creating effective bridges between curriculum goals and students' experiences
- Modeling
- Guided practice
- Independent practice, including homework
- Transitions
- Activating students' prior knowledge
- Anticipating preconceptions
- Encouraging exploration and problem solving
- Building new skills on those previously acquired
- Predicting
- Techniques for planning instruction, including addressing curriculum goals, selecting content topics, incorporating learning
theory, subject matter, curriculum development, and student development and interests
- Assessment Strategies
- Types of assessments
- Characteristics of assessments
- Scoring assessments
- Uses of assessments
- Understanding of measurement theory and assessment-related issues
- Interpreting and communicating results of assessments