Fairness Guidelines

Goals of Fairness Review

Educational Testing Service is committed to producing tests and other products that acknowledge the multicultural nature of society and treat its diverse populations with respect. Further, ETS is committed to ensuring that test takers and others who make up our increasingly diverse customer base enjoy equal access to our products.

To meet these goals, ETS uses sensitivity review and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. To learn more about how ETS makes its products and services accessible to individuals with disabilities, click on the ETS Office of Disability Policy Web site.

ETS mandates a process by which all ETS products – including individual test items, assessments, instructional materials, publications, and other products are evaluated for their sensitivity to and awareness of the contributions of various groups to society of the United States. This sensitivity review also makes certain that ETS products do not use stereotyping and language, symbols, words, or examples that are sexist, racist, or otherwise offensive, inappropriate, or negative toward any group.

Test questions are subjected to a second procedure, known as differential item functioning (DIF) analysis.

The ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness (PDF) instructs all ETS testing programs to develop their own Fairness Plans. A Model Fairness Plan based on the Fairness Chapter (Chapter 4) of the ETS Standards has been developed to help the ETS testing programs create their own plans.

Thus, fairness review ensures that ETS's products and services meet the fairness standards mandated by the ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness; fairness review also promotes a general awareness of a responsiveness to the:

• cultural diversity of the United States
• diversity of background, cultural tradition, and viewpoints found in both United States and international test-taking populations
• changing roles and attitudes toward groups in United States society
• contributions of various groups (including ethnic and minority groups, individuals with disabilities, and women) to the history and culture of the United States and the achievements within these groups
• role of language in setting and changing attitudes toward various groups.

Additionally, the ETS International Principles for Fairness Review of Assessments (PDF) is an instruction guide for programs that develop tests primarily for use in a country other than the United States. ETS developed the document to ensure that these tests will be fair, in accordance with the ETS Standards for Quality and Fairness, and appropriate for the culture of the country in which the test will be used.