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TOEFL® Research Program

Advancing the field of English-language learning and assessment

TOEFL iBT

The premier test of academic English communication

The Use of TOEFL iBT® in Admissions Decisions: Stakeholder Perceptions of Policies and Practices

Reports on how three different groups of stakeholders—university admissions officers, faculty in graduate programs involved in admissions decisions, and Intensive English Program (IEP) faculty—interpret and use TOEFL iBT® scores in making admissions decisions or preparing students to meet minimum test score requirements. 

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The Use of TOEFL iBT® in Admissions Decisions: Stakeholder Perceptions of Policies and Practices

Researching Academic Reading in Two Contrasting English as a Medium of Instruction Contexts at a University Level

Investigates differences in reading demands of academic programs in two different English as a medium of instruction (EMI) university settings in Nepal and Sweden, and students’ perspectives regarding the suitability of the test within their EMI settings.

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Researching Academic Reading in Two Contrasting English as a Medium of Instruction Contexts at a University Level

An Investigation of the Predictive Validity of the TOEFL iBT® Test at an English-Medium University in Turkey

Investigates the relationship of TOEFL iBT® test scores and measures of academic performance including an institutional English proficiency exam, grade point average (GPAs) for content and English for academic purposes (EAP), and language instructor evaluations of students’ EAP performance.

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An Investigation of the Predictive Validity of the TOEFL iBT® Test at an English-Medium University in Turkey

Investigating the Predictive Validity of TOEFL iBT® Test Scores and Their Use in Informing Policy in a United Kingdom University Setting

Examines the predictive validity of the TOEFL iBT® test with a focus on the relationship between TOEFL iBT scores and students' subsequent academic success in postgraduate studies in one leading university in the United Kingdom.

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Investigating the Predictive Validity of TOEFL iBT® Test Scores and Their Use in Informing Policy in a United Kingdom University Setting

A Comparison of Two TOEFL® Writing Tasks

Provides initial support for using the Write for Academic Discussion task to support interpretations about English writing ability.

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A Comparison of Two TOEFL® Writing Tasks

The Effects of Different Levels of Performance Feedback on TOEFL iBT® Reading Practice Test Performance

Examines whether performance on the TOEFL iBT® Reading practice test is affected by 3 different levels of feedback provided to learners upon completion of reading exercises.

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The Effects of Different Levels of Performance Feedback on TOEFL iBT® Reading Practice Test Performance

Comparability of students’ writing performance on TOEFL iBT and in required university writing courses

Compares international students’ performance on two TOEFL iBT® writing tasks with their performance in required writing courses in US universities as measured by instructors’ ratings of student writing proficiency, grades on two assignments and five aspects of writing quality in those course assignments.

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Comparability of students’ writing performance on TOEFL iBT and in required university writing courses

Maintaining Access to a Large-Scale Test of Academic Language Proficiency During the Pandemic: The Launch of TOEFL iBT Home Edition

Presents key features of delivery and security for the launch of the TOEFL iBT Home Edition and discusses comparability of scores with the test version offered in test centers.

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Maintaining Access to a Large-Scale Test of Academic Language Proficiency During the Pandemic: The Launch of TOEFL iBT Home Edition

Preparing for the Speaking Tasks of the TOEFL iBT® Test: An Investigation of the Journeys of Chinese Test Takers

Investigates the experiences of over 1,500 Chinese test takers and 23 teachers who were preparing for the TOEFL iBT speaking tasks.

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Preparing for the Speaking Tasks of the TOEFL iBT® Test: An Investigation of the Journeys of Chinese Test Takers

Aligning Scores of Language Proficiency Tests: A Score Concordance Study Between IELTS Academic and TOEFL iBT®

Reports on a collaborative score concordance project carried out by the TOEFL Program and IELTS Partners to align IELTS Academic and TOEFL iBT scores

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Aligning Scores of Language Proficiency Tests: A Score Concordance Study Between IELTS Academic and TOEFL iBT®

Mapping the TOEFL iBT Test Scores to China's Standards of English Language Ability: Implications for Score Interpretation and Use

Demonstrates the application of a series of steps in building an argument for aligning the scores of the TOEFL iBT test to the levels of the China’s Standards of English Language Ability (CSE).

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Mapping the TOEFL iBT Test Scores to China's Standards of English Language Ability: Implications for Score Interpretation and Use