Version 1: Make a Reasonable Guess and then Refine It
For some problems, the fastest way to a solution is to make a reasonable guess at the answer, check it, and then improve on your guess. This is especially useful if the number of possible answers is limited. In other problems, this approach may help you at least to understand better what is going on in the problem.
• This strategy is used in the following sample question.
This is a Multiple-Choice – Select One or More Answer Choices question.
-
Which two of the following numbers have a product that is between –1 and 0?
Indicate both of the numbers.
(A) −20
(B) −10
(C) two raised to the power negative 4
(D) three raised to the power negative 2Explanation
For this question, you must select a pair of answer choices. The product of the pair must be negative, so the possible products are negative twenty, times, two raised to power negative four, negative twenty, times, three raised to power negative two, , negative ten, times, two raised to power negative fourand negative ten, times, three raised to power negative two. The product must also be greater than −1. The first product is
, the second product is 
, and the third product is, 
, so you can stop there. The correct answer consists of Choices B (−10) and C()two raised to the power negative 4.
Version 2: Try More Than One Value of a Variable
To explore problems containing variables, it is useful to substitute values for the variables. It often helps to substitute more than one value for each variable. How many values to choose and what values are good choices depends on the problem. Also dependent on the problem is whether this approach, by itself, will yield a solution or whether the approach will simply help you generate a hypothesis that requires further exploration using another strategy.
• This strategy is used in the following two sample questions.
This is a Quantitative Comparison question.
Lionel is younger than Maria. Quantity A Quantity B Twice Lionel's age Maria's age (A) Quantity A is greater.
(B) Quantity B is greater.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.Explanation
If Lionel's age is 6 years and Maria's age is 10 years, then Quantity A is greater, but if Lionel's age is 4 years and Maria's age is 10 years, then Quantity B is greater. Thus, the relationship cannot be determined. The correct answer is Choice D, the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
This is a Quantitative Comparison question.
Quantity A Quantity B x y (A) Quantity A is greater.
(B) Quantity B is greater.
(C) The two quantities are equal.
(D) The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.Explanation
If
then 
so in this case, 
but if 
then 
so in that case, 
Thus, the correct answer is Choice D, the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.Note that plugging numbers into expressions may not be conclusive. However, it is conclusive if you get different results after plugging in different numbers: the conclusion is that the relationship cannot be determined from the information given. It is also conclusive if there are only a small number of possible numbers to plug in and all of them yield the same result, say, that Quantity B is greater.
Now suppose there are an infinite number of possible numbers to plug in. If you plug many of them in and each time the result is, for example, that Quantity A is greater, you still cannot conclude that Quantity A is greater for every possible number that could be plugged in. Further analysis would be necessary and should focus on whether Quantity A is greater for all possible numbers or whether there are numbers for which Quantity A is not greater.