This paper was presented at the American Psychological Association Convention in September 1959. The purpose of this paper is to describe the concept of initiating structure in interaction. The author indicates that the concept may be useful in the study of leadership and group problem solving. The concept is defined and its relationship to other concepts is noted. What part initiating structure in interaction may play in the solving of problems which require interlocked or interdependent acts of more than one individual is briefly discussed. A number of uses of the concept in empirical research are described.