On November 1, 1968 200 educators and psychologists attended a special symposium sponsored by the National Council on Measurement in Education, in conjunction with conferences of the Educational Records Bureau and Educational Testing Service. This booklet presents the papers as they were delivered: "Early Schooling: What Is It All About"; "The Family and Community: What Are Their Roles in the Educational Process"; "The Child: His Cognitive, Personal-Social, and Physical Development-A False Trichotomy"; "How Are Measurement Strategies Related to Models of Human Development"; "Can you Do Real Research in the Real World"; "The ETS-OEO Longitudinal Study of Disadvantaged Children"; and "The Scientific and Social Significance of the Longitudinal Study of Disadvantaged Children."