Efficiency in the delivery of education in developing countries is discussed. The following four sections discuss major educational issues and reforms involving the use of instructional television and radio in countries such as American Samoa, El Salvador, and The Ivory Coast: (1) alternatives open in organizing a formal schooling system, with emphasis on the technological alternatives; (2) available evidence on the effectiveness of a number of the alternatives; (3) a summary of available information on the costs of instructional radio and television and (4) some policy implications from the cost-effectiveness summaries.