The performance of two groups of non-native English speakers on the Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) and an appropriate verbal aptitude test was examined. One group of graduate applicants took both TOEFL and the verbal section of the Aptitude Test of the Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE®). Another group of undergraduate applicants took TOEFL, the verbal section of the College Board® Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT®), and the Test of Standard Written English (TSWE). Data are presented showing how native and non-native speakers compare on each set of tests. Information is also provided to aid in interpreting test results for non-native speakers who have taken both types of tests. The appendix to the report summarizes item reviews, by specialists in English as a second language, which suggest future directions for TOEFL test development.