This study evaluated the connection between gender differences in Advanced Placement (AP®) Psychology students' familiarity, interest, and negative emotional reaction to items on the AP Psychology test and the items' gender differential item functioning (DIF). Gender DIF and gender differences in interest and emotional reaction varied appreciably with the content of the items. Gender differences in the three variables were substantially related to the items' gender DIF (e.g., R = .50). Much of the gender DIF on this test may be attributable to gender differences in these variables.