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Linking English-Language Test Scores Onto the Common European Framework of Reference: An Application of Standard-Setting Methodology TOEFL iBT TOEIC CEFR

Author(s):
Tannenbaum, Richard J.; Wylie, E. Caroline
Publication Year:
2008
Report Number:
RR-08-34
Source:
ETS Research Report
Document Type:
Report
Page Count:
75
Subject/Key Words:
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), Internet Based Testing (iBT), Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC), TOEIC Bridge Test, Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), Standard Setting

Abstract

The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) describes language proficiency in reading, writing, speaking, and listening on a 6-level scale. In this study, English-language experts from across Europe linked CEFR levels to scores on three tests: the TOEFL iBT test, the TOEIC assessment, and the TOEIC Bridge test. Standard-setting methodology (a modified Angoff approach and a modified examinee paper selection approach) was used to construct the linkages. Linkages were established for TOEFL iBT at levels B1, B2, and C1. Linkages were established for TOEIC at levels A1 through C1, with the exception of Reading at the C1 level. The TOEIC Bridge test was linked to its three targeted levels of the CEFR. The report details the methods, procedures, and results of the study.

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