skip to main content skip to footer

Mapping the Scores of the TOEFL Primary Writing Test to the Common European Framework of Reference Levels CEFR JQC EL TOEFL YL

Author(s):
Suhan, Michael; Papageorgiou, Spiros; Wolf, Mikyung Kim
Publication Year:
2024
Report Number:
RM-24-03
Source:
ETS Research Memorandum
Document Type:
Report
Page Count:
33
Subject/Key Words:
TOEFL Primary, Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), Test Scores, Proficiency Level Definitions, Score Mapping, Standard Setting, Validation, Score Interpretation, Writing, Writing Assessment, Just Qualified Candidate (JQC), English Learners (EL), English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Young Learners (YL), Cut Scores

Abstract

This research memorandum reports on a study to map the scores of the TOEFL Primary Writing test to the language proficiency levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Developed as a standalone module in the TOEFL Primary Test program, the TOEFL Primary Writing test is intended to measure young English as a foreign or additional language learners’ computer-based English writing abilities to communicate about familiar topics related to their daily lives. As the TOEFL Primary Writing test is used globally, mapping its scores to the levels of the CEFR helps relevant stakeholders to interpret test results in relation to a globally used language framework as a point of reference. This report details the process undertaken, utilizing the judgment of expert panelists to establish recommended minimum test scores (cut scores) to classify test takers into CEFR levels. It also discusses study limitations and future research for continuous validation efforts to support appropriate interpretations and use of test results.

Read More